Jumat, 06 Desember 2013
CARA BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM
TIPS AND HOW OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Oyster mushroom is one type of fungus which is quite popular among the people of Indonesia, in addition to other types such as mushroom fungi, mushroom and shitake mushrooms. In general, oyster mushrooms consumed as vegetables for their daily needs. But some people do business processed mushrooms such as oyster mushroom-shaped chips and other forms. Oyster mushroom is a fungus type of wood that has a higher nutrient content than other types of wood mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms contain protein, fat, phosphorus, iron, thiamin and riboflavin higher than other types of mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms contain 18 different amino acids needed by the human body and contains no cholesterol
Oyster mushroom cultivation has some advantages and ease of cultivation processes that can be managed as a sideline or small-scale economic enterprises, medium and large (Industry). Countries that have developed as the oyster mushroom cultivation and seed agribusiness is the mainstay of China, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Belgium and Thailand. These countries trermasuk largest mushroom producer in the world.
If you are interested to pursue the cultivation of oyster mushroom, the important thing that must be met is to create and maintain the environmental conditions of maintenance (cultivation) are eligible oyster mushroom growth. Another important thing is to keep the environment free from oyster mushroom growth of microbes or other nuisance plants. Not infrequently the oyster mushroom cultivators find baglog (oyster mushroom bags for media) covered with plants other than oyster mushrooms, this is due to poor sterilization processes and the environment is not conducive.
There are some things that need to be prepared to do this oyster mushroom cultivation, or maintenance stages of oyster mushroom cultivation including the preparation stages of production and cultivation of oyster mushroom. This stage is the process of oyster mushroom cultivation began making the media until the mushroom harvesting. If you do not want to bother to sow seeds, you can buy a ready baglog with oyster mushroom seeds that are ready to be cultivated.
PREPARATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Building / Room Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Basically the building could utilize existing space preformance house, usually building to building mushroom Oyster Mushroom cultivation consists of several rooms, including:
1. Preparation room
Preparation room is a room that serves to conduct the sifting, mixing, Pewadahan, and sterilization.
2. Inoculation chamber
Inoculation is the room space that serves to plant the growing media, this space should be easy to clean, not a lot of ventilation to avoid contamination (presence of other microbes).
3. Incubation space
This room has a function to grow mushroom mycelium growing on the media that has been inoculated (Spawning). Conditions of the room is set at a temperature of 22-28 degrees C with a humidity of 60% - 80%, the room is furnished with bamboo shelves to place growing media in plastic bags (baglog) are already in inoculation.
4.Ruang Planting
Space planting (growing) used to grow mushroom fruit body. The room is also equipped with shelves and planting atomizer / fog. Carburetion functions to flush and set the temperature at optimal conditions 16-22 degrees C with a humidity of 80-90%.
Tools And Materials Oyster mushroom cultivation The equipment used in the cultivation of mushrooms including, Mixer, hoes, shovels, filler, bottle, boiler, wheelbarrow, seeds spoon, ladle. The materials used in the cultivation of oyster mushroom is wood powder, rice bran (bran), limestone (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), corn flour (sesame seeds), glucose, plastic, rubber, cotton, plastic ring.
Process And Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Techniques In carrying out the Oyster Mushroom Cultivation some processes and activities carried out include:
1. Preparation Materials
Materials to be prepared such as sawdust, rice bran, lime, gypsum, cornmeal, and glucose.
2. Sieving
Sawdust from sawmills has obtained a level of uniformity is not good, this is resulting mycelial growth rate was uneven and less good. Addressing these needs in the sawdust sifter. Size sieve to sift the sand together with (ram chicken), sieving should use a mask because in a lot of sawdust mixed with dust and sand
3. Mixing
The ingredients were weighed according to the needs of the next mixed with sawdust sprinkled with water about 50-60% or when we lump the powder clumping but not out of the water. This indicates the water content is enough.
4. Composting
Composting is the process of weathering material done by membumbun sawdust mixture and then cover it with plastic
5. Wrapping (Making Baglog)
Wrapping use plastic polypropylene (PP) to the required size. How to wrap is to insert the media into the plastic and then struck / crushed into a solid with a bottle or using a filler (compactor) and then stored.
6. Sterilization
Sterilization is done by using a tool that aims sterilizer inactivate microbes, bacteria, molds, yeasts and fungi that can interfere with the growth of the plant. Sterilization is performed at a temperature of 90-100 degrees C for 12 hours.
7. Inoculation (Giving Seed)
Inoculation is the activity of mushroom seeds enter into the medium mushrooms that have been sterilized. Baglog drained for 1 night after sterilization, and then we take the seeds and planted thereon by means tablespoon / scoop the seeds around + 3 tablespoons then tied up with rubber and covered with cotton. Oyster Mushrooms are good seeds, namely:
- Superior varieties
- Age optimal seed 45-60 days
- Color seeds evenly
- Not contaminated
8. Incubation (mycelium growth period) Oyster Mushroom
Oyster Mushroom Incubation is done by storing at room incubation with certain conditions. Incubation is carried out until all uniformly white media, the media will usually appear white evenly between 40-60 days.
9. Oyster Mushroom Harvest
Harvesting is done after the growth of the fungus reaches the optimal level, harvesting is usually performed 5 days after the candidate grow mushrooms. Harvesting should be done in the morning to preserve freshness and facilitate marketing.
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